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|iso15924 = Cyrs |sample = Clementalphabet.png }} The Early Cyrillic alphabet is a writing system that was developed during the late ninth century on the basis of the Greek alphabet〔(Mauricio Borrero, "Russia", p. 123 )〕〔(World Cultures Through Art Activities, Dindy Robinson, p. 115 )〕〔(Handbook of Scripts and Alphabets, George L. Campbell, p. 42 )〕 for the Orthodox Slavic population in Europe.〔("Cyrillic alphabet". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 16 May. 2012 )〕 It was developed in the Preslav Literary School in the First Bulgarian Empire in order to write the Old Church Slavonic language.〔(The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire, Oxford History of the Christian Church, J. M. Hussey, Andrew Louth, Oxford University Press, 2010, ISBN 0191614882, p. 100. )〕〔(Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250, Cambridge Medieval Textbooks, Florin Curta, Cambridge University Press, 2006, ISBN 0521815398, pp. 221-222. )〕 The modern Cyrillic script is still used primarily for Slavic languages, and for Asian languages that were under Russian cultural influence during the 20th century. left : == History == The earliest form of manuscript Cyrillic, known as ''ustav,'' was based on Greek uncial script, augmented by ligatures and by letters from the Glagolitic alphabet for consonants not found in Greek.〔Lunt, Horace G. ''Old Church Slavonic Grammar, Seventh Edition'', 2001.〕 The Glagolitic alphabet was created by the monk Saint Cyril, possibly with the aid of his brother Saint Methodius, around 863.〔 Cyrillic, on the other hand, may have been a creation of Cyril's students in the 890s at the Preslav Literary School under Bulgarian Tsar Simeon the Great as a more suitable script for church books, though retaining the original Bulgarian symbols in Glagolitic.〔 An alternative hypothesis proposes that it emerged in the border regions of Greek proselytization to the Slavs before it was codified and adapted by some systematizer among the Slavs; the oldest Cyrillic manuscripts look very similar to 9th and 10th century Greek uncial manuscripts,〔 and the majority of uncial Cyrillic letters were identical to their Greek uncial counterparts.〔Auty, R. ''Handbook of Old Church Slavonic, Part II: Texts and Glossary.'' 1977.〕 One possibility is that this systematization of Cyrillic was undertaken at the Council of Preslav in 893, when the Old Church Slavonic liturgy was adopted by the Bulgarian Empire.〔 The Cyrillic alphabet was very well suited for the writing of Old Church Slavic, generally following a principle of “one letter for one significant sound”, with some arbitrary or phonotactically-based exceptions.〔 Particularly, this principle is violated by certain vowel letters, which represent plus the vowel if they are not preceded by a consonant.〔 It is also violated by a significant failure to distinguish between /ji/ and /jĭ/ orthographically.〔 There was no distinction of capital and lowercase letters, though manuscript letters were rendered larger for emphasis, or in various decorative initial and nameplate forms.〔Cubberley 1994〕 Letters served as numerals as well as phonetic signs; the values of the numerals were directly borrowed from their Greek-letter analogues.〔 Letters without Greek equivalents mostly had no numeral values, whereas one letter, koppa, had only a numeric value with no phonetic value.〔 Since its creation, the Cyrillic script has adapted to changes in spoken language and developed regional variations to suit the features of national languages. It has been the subject of academic reforms and political decrees. Variations of the Cyrillic script are used to write languages throughout Eastern Europe and Asia. The form of the Russian alphabet underwent a change when Tsar Peter the Great introduced the Civil Script ((ロシア語:гражданскій шрифтъ, ''graždanskij šrift''), or , in contrast to the prevailing Church Typeface, (ロシア語:церковнославя́нскій шрифтъ, ''cerkovnoslavjanskij šrift'')) in 1708. Some letters and breathing marks which were only used for historical reasons were dropped. Medieval letterforms used in typesetting were harmonized with Latin typesetting practices, exchanging medieval forms for Baroque ones, and skipping the western European Renaissance developments. The reform subsequently influenced Cyrillic orthographies for most other languages. Today, the early orthography and typesetting standards only remain in use in Church Slavonic. A comprehensive repertoire of early Cyrillic characters is included in the Unicode 5.1 standard, published on April 4, 2008. These characters and their distinctive letterforms are represented in specialized computer fonts for Slavistics. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Early Cyrillic alphabet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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